- On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. In 36 Octavians general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeated Sextus Pompeius. Suetonius says she died in Augustus' 54th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting. The descendants of the younger Gnaeus held many of the higher magistracies, but the descendants of Gaius remained simple equites, who did not rise to any importance. Library Association Selected Religion Website John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. older sister of Octavian Virgils own death before the final completion of the poem in 19 BC added a further element of debate. Od. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The return journey of a hero from war was a favourite Greek mythical . He was the lover ofCleopatra, queen of Egypt, and was defeated by Octavian (the future emperorAugustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed theRoman Republic. He failed to do this and was probably removed from his post in 47; he was without employment until 44, when he became consul as colleague and later priest (flamen) of Caesar. [12] She was hailed as a "marvel of womankind. Mark Antony was at war with Octavian for control of the Roman world, which he lost at the Battle of Actium (September 2, 31BC). In Italian the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. Greek Mythology refers to stories about the gods, heroes, and rituals of Ancient Greeks. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Aeneas leads the survivors from the sack of Troy through the Mediterranean, and ultimately to the site of (future) Rome. Mark Antony was the son and grandson of men of the same name. Virgil holds a volume of The Aeneid in a mosaic from the 3rd century AD, on display in the Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. n., tribune of the plebs in an uncertain year, brought forward a law raising the price at which corn was sold to the people. Pele(Hawiian) Jealous, volcano goddess of destruction and violence. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Although Octavia brought troops and money to him (35), he refused to see her, and in 32 he obtained a divorce. They do not, however, bother to introduce the gods and goddesses who are their main characters, since readers and listeners would already have been familiar with them. The Theogony tells the story of the universes journey from nothingness (Chaos, a primeval void) into being, and details an elaborate family tree of elements, gods and goddesses who evolved from Chaos and descended from Gaia (Earth), Ouranos (Sky), Pontos (Sea) and Tartaros (the Underworld). [3], The nomen Octavius is a patronymic surname, derived from the Latin praenomen Octavius. After his death, she devoted herself to raising not They spent the afterlife with her in the land of Folkvangr. Indeed, Virgils audience may have responded to the tragedy of Dido in the Aeneid by thinking of another North African queen Cleopatra (69-30 BC), with whom both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony had flings. She was also the great-grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, maternal grandmother of the Emperor Claudius, and paternal great-grandmother and maternal great-great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. He was an astonishingly well-read poet, and this breadth of learning is embodied in his poems. line to jump to another position: Oarses The couple did not want to get a divorce, so instead[3] Pompey declined the proposal[4] and married Cornelia Metella. In 39 Antony and Octavian concluded a treaty with Sextus Pompeius (see Pompeius Magnus Pius, Sextus), who controlled the seas and had been blockading Italy. Early in 40 Antonys brother, the consul Lucius Antonius, supported by Antonys wife, Fulvia, rebelled against Octavian in Italy. Agrippa had to divorce Octavia's daughter Claudia Marcella Major in order to marry Julia, so Augustus wanted Octavia's endorsement very much. ), issue unknown, Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus II Gemellus (19 AD 23 AD), died young, Cluett, Ronald. Gaius Octavius Balbus, was proscribed by the triumvirs in 42 BC. Greek mythology, and its ancient stories of gods, goddesses, heroes and monsters, is one of the oldest and most influential groups of legends in human civilization. Menhit(Egyptian) - Considered by many historians to be an aspect of Sekhmet. Hide browse bar According to the Roman historian Dio Cassius, Boudicca made offerings to the goddess Andraste before going into battle. Suetonius, Life - Mars, the God of war, is often depicted in Roman mythology as a youthful or mature man with a beard. [14] Mark Antony divorced Octavia in late 33 BC. 9.1", "denarius") . As with other ancient epics, our hero has to remain resolute in the face of significant divine hostility. Plutarch, Parallel (Semetic) - An early Middle Eastern Goddess, whose role was later usurped by Ishtar. On the death of Marcellus in 40 she was married to Mark Antony, who at the time was ruling the Roman state with Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Lucius Octavius Ligur, tribune of the plebs with his brother, Marcus, in 82 BC, he defended his brother's interests in Sicily from Verres during Marcus' absence. In many ways the Aeneid is written in emulation of Homers works by a poet who may have known them off by heart (that is my view, anyway). Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Her mother later remarried, to the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus. A new reader of the Aeneid with a background in Homer can usually identify many passages that have Homeric resonances. Lavinia Continued Zora Origin: Serbo-Croatian Meaning: "dawn" Description: Octavia definition, sister of Roman emperor Augustus and wife of Marc Anthony. Discover the names of the star Goddesses and the regions that they came from. I wanted to explore this aspect of the goddess, as I was born in Norfolk, an area of Britain with a long history of warrior woman. but Seneca may wish to show off his rhetorical skill with hyperbole, rather than adhere to fact. Although he had escaped his house, he went to his son's house when he heard that his son was to be slain, and there met his death after discovering the ruse. Herodthe son of a prominent Palestinian Jewish friend of Rome, Antipaterwas set up in Jerusalem as king of Judaea in 37. When Antony returned to the East (36 BCE), See more. When Antony returned to the East (36 BCE), Octavia dutifully accompanied him to his mansion in Greece but fell ill & returned to Rome. The role was played by Angela Morant, and should not be confused with her great-granddaughter Claudia Octavia (also referred to as "Octavia" in the series), Claudius's daughter and wife of the future emperor Nero, who was played by Cheryl Johnson. She was one of the Olympian Goddesses The next spring she traveled to Greece to confront Antony, Author of, President and Vice-Chancellor, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, 195966. La Trobe University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU. In American Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. 6.884]. , He probably augmented his income by money-lending, for both. While Antony was [9] Between 40 and 36 BC, she travelled with Antony to various provinces and lived with him in his Athenian mansion. Many high school, college and professional sports teams (Titans, Spartans and Trojans, for instance) also get their names from mythological sources. The Aeneid is written in dactylic hexameters, the same metre as the two Homeric poems - the Iliad and Odyssey (although it is written in Latin, not in ancient Greek). by Copyright 2007-2023 www.Goddess-Guide.com. Click anywhere in the This man was leader in a war with a neighbouring town, and when news of a sudden onset of the enemy was brought to him just as he chanced to be sacrificing to Mars, he snatched the entrails of the victim from the fire and offered them up half raw; and thus he went forth to battle, and returned victorious. Marcus Octavius Ligur, father-in-law of Publius Luicus Gamala. Cicero, however, fiercely attacked him in the Philippic orations between September 44 and April 43, and Octavian joined forces with the consuls in 43. Has this been at the expense of others or your values and integrity? SheKnows is a part of Penske Media Corporation. Her battle cry alone had the power to kill. The alliance was severely tested by Antony's abandonment of Octavia and their children in favor of his former lover Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (Antony and Cleopatra had met in 41 BC, an interaction that resulted in Cleopatra bearing twins, Alexander Helios, a boy, and Cleopatra Selene, a girl). She is an aspect of the goddess Morrigan. Octavia, having been in Rome since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in 35. Kali(Hindu) Dark goddess of death, destruction and time. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. And the Aeneid itself (9,883 lines) works out to about three lines a day. Drusus delivered one funeral oration from the rostra and Augustus gave her the highest posthumous honors (building the Gate of Octavia and Porticus Octaviae in her memory). The Aeneid, therefore, is focused on the grand scale on the city of Rome and its empire, its formation, and its destiny within the order of the Olympian gods. Aeneass great Italian warrior rival Turnus has been wounded in single combat, and pleads for his life on his knees. Of the three, only Medusa is said to be mortal. , 1 d. 11 BC, Roman matron, sister of Emperor Augustus [1] and wife of Marc Antony [2], her second husband. Octavia was a faithful wife and mother who raised Antonys children by Cleopatra along with her own children. Antony's public liaison, Octavia remained a loyal wife & Greek myths explained everything from religious rituals to the weather, and gave meaning to the world that people saw around them. Oppia'nicus, Oppia'nicus Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 2, 4, 6. While many of these myths are fanciful tales, such as the legends of greedy King Midas or heroic Hercules, other stories like the Trojan War epic have a basis in historical fact. Sister to Caesar and wife to Mark Antony. Previously, this had been only granted to tribunes. Aeneas is a very different kind of epic hero from Achilles in the Iliad and Odysseus in the Odyssey, not the least because he is imbued with a whole series of distinctly Roman values. Octavia was born around 66 BC. [both named Antonia]. The warrior goddesses stand up for their beliefs; they are the ultimate personification of the strong woman or warrior archetype. Juno takes badly her loss in the beauty contest, and hates everything Trojan, both during the war, and after. Through the marriage of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I Syra . Mr. Castagno's knowledge of Greek history, mythology and geography, along with his superb writing skills are clearly illustrated in "Octavia and the Greek Key". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology William Smith, Ed. (Greek) - This virgin goddess stood up for her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values. of Augustus 61. The pace of poetic creativity could be very slow. William Smith. The Theogony, composed by Hesiod around 700 BCE, is an early Greek epic. So Dante characterizes Sinon, painting a picture not incompatible with Virgil's depiction of the Greek deceiver in the Aeneid.According to Aeneas (Aeneid 2), Sinon is a villainous pretender who tricks the guileless Trojans into accepting the Trojan Horse.Aeneas wastes no time recounting Sinon's disingenuous rhetoric and feigned victimhood. For instance, he deserts Dido (in Book 4) because Jupiter reminds him through the god Mercury that Italy is meant to be his fated home, not Carthage in North Africa. During the Republic, none of the Octavii of this stirps bore any cognomen other than Rufus, and even this is rarely mentioned. After Antony's suicide in 30 BC, her brother executed Antyllus but allowed Octavia to raise Antony's younger son Iullus by Fulvia as well as his children by Cleopatra (the two sons Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus, and one daughter, Cleopatra Selene II). (Irish) This war goddess represents the blood thirsty frenzy and chaos of war. Octa'via Octa'via Gens Octavia'nus Octavius Octavius Octavius Octavius Octavius Octavius Octavius . [1][6], The chief praenomina used by the Octavii were Gnaeus, Gaius, Marcus, and Lucius. If you are drawn to work with this goddess Archetype you may require the Warrior spirit to help you to stand up for your rights and set firm boundaries. He is a much more religious kind of hero someone who makes it his business to follow the path that has been ordained for him and his people. Antony fought in the brief Italian campaign that forced Pompey to evacuate the Italian peninsula. She was worshipped by the Iceni tribe. - Victoria(Egyptian) She is the Egyptian version of the Greek goddess of Victory. In 49, the year the Civil War broke out between Pompey and Caesar, Antony was tribune of the plebs and vigorously supported Caesar. Roman women and triumviral politics, 43-37 B.C., Erhart, K. P. A new portrait type of Octavia Minor (? [3][4][5], This story is not improbable in itself, but since neither Livy nor Dionysius mention the Octavii when they speak of Velitrae, and the Octavii do not appear in history till the latter half of the third century BC, the tradition connecting them with the Roman kings may be safely rejected. Bellona(Egyptian) Goddess of destructive warfare and sibling/partner of the war God Mars. Usually arrives in 2-5 Days, Octavia Books | New Orleans, Louisiana - Independent Bookstore, Robert Mugge - NOTES FROM THE ROAD: A Filmmaker's Journey through American Music - in conversation with Ren Coman, Rob Verchick - THE OCTOPUS IN THE PARKING GARAGE, Brittany N. Williams - THAT SELF-SAME METAL. Cloelia managed to flee the hostage camp, leading a group of other Roman virgins across the River Tiber. She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Augustus's daughter Julia marry Agrippa after her mourning for Marcellus ended. Before 54 bc Octavia was married to Gaius Marcellus, by whom she had two daughters and a son. Such heroines included Medea, Phaedra, Ariadne, and Hypsipyle. A long-prepared attack on Parthia in 36 failed, with heavy lossesit was Antony's first military failure. Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own work. Marcus Octavius Laenas Curtianus, one of the distinguished men who supplicated the judges on behalf of, Octavia C. f. Sergia Plautilla, daughter of Gaius Octavius Laenas, the curator of the aqueducts, was the mother of the emperor. The final scene of the Aeneid tends to polarise critical views on the basic thrust of the poem. Publius Octavius, a noted epicurean during the reign of Tiberius. Thus, Octavia's husband continued to oppose Julius Caesar, including in the crucial year of his consulship, 50 BC. Lucius Octavius C. f. Laenas, son of the curator of the aqueducts and father of the consul of 131 AD. The Book of Martha by Octavia Butler portrays a black woman . Octavius, Octavius Auden was rather unsympathetic to Virgil in his poem Secondary Epic (1959): Not even the first of the Romans can learn. The gens Octavia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which was raised to patrician status by Caesar during the first century BC. Gnaeus Octavius L. f., a senator in 129 BC. There was, besides, a decree of the people on record, providing that for the future too the entrails should be offered to Mars in the same way, and the rest of the victims be handed over to the Octavii. References: Conversely, the Warrior may appeal to you if you want to celebrate the victories you have achieved in a just cause or slaying your inner demons. The last of these, Aeneass journey into the Underworld in Aeneid 6, fundamentally influenced the poet Dantes (1265-1321) own narrative of life after death. Octavian defeated the rebellion, capturing and destroying Perusia (present-day Perugia). The story in the Aeneid is that many generations later - after the sack of Troy - Aeneas leads his people back to Italy as a kind of new Dardanus. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Many of these creatures have become almost as well known as the gods, goddesses and heroes who share their stories.. She wears jewellery made from skulls and blood adorns her breasts. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. His father was called Creticus because of his military operations in Crete. Cloelia was one of the Roman girls who was taken hostage by Lars Porsena, the Etruscan king, after the end of the war between Clusium and Rome in 508 BC. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Angelica Kauffmann/Hermitage/Wikimedia Commons, Jean-Baptiste Wicar/Chicago Art Institute/Wikimedia Commons. This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and Mark Antony; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony. [21] She was one of the first Roman women to have coins minted bearing her image; only Antony's previous wife Fulvia pre-empted her. Monsters and hybrids (human-animal forms) also feature prominently in the tales: the winged horse Pegasus, the horse-man Centaur, the lion-woman Sphinx and the bird-woman Harpies, the one-eyed giant Cyclops, automatons (metal creatures given life by Hephaestus), manticores and unicorns, Gorgons, pygmies, minotaurs, satyrs and dragons of all sorts. Venus wins the Judgement by giving a bribe to Paris, a Trojan prince who acts as judge. Badb(Irish) - A shape- shifting goddess who symbolizes life, death, wisdom and inspiration. In all her representations she wore the "nodus" hairstyle, which at the time was considered conservative and dignified, and worn by women from many classes.[17]. Some of the best books related to Greek mythology include "The Song of Achilles," "Lore," and "Circe." Amazon; Bookshop; Alyssa Powell/Insider. Octavia's later life, around the time of the death of Marcellus, is depicted in the 1976 television adaptation of Robert Graves's novel I, Claudius. Lu'scius. Thus it would be a mistake to reduce Virgils Dido to some kind of re-creation of Homers Calypso, or Circe, or Nausicaa (all from the Odyssey). The Aeneids thematic connections to earlier myth and literature come to the fore in the depiction of Dido, the queen of Carthage. Located in uptown New Orleans: 513 Octavia Street (corner of Laurel) 504-899-READ (7323). The Octavii originally came from the Volscian town of Velitrae, in the Alban Hills. He then joined Caesar in Greece, commanded his left wing in the Battle of Pharsalus, and was sent back as master of the horse (a dictators second-in-command) in 48 to keep order in Italy. Macha(Irish) The wild goddess who battles against injustice to woman and children. Mark Antony was a Roman general underJulius Caesarand later triumvir who ruled Romes eastern provinces (4330BCE). Is the poem designed to justify and support Romes imperialist agenda? Before 54 bc Octavia was married to Gaius Marcellus, by whom she had two daughters and a son. . Corrections? After initial skirmishes, Antony and Octavian were reconciled at Brundisium (present-day Brindisi) and, since Fulvia had died in the meantime, Antony married Octavians sister, Octavia. As consul and lupercus, one of the celebrants of the festival of the Lupercalia (a fertility festival early in the year), he offered Caesar a diadema ribbon signifying royaltywhich Caesar, pressured by the citizens open distaste for monarchy, refused to accept. In 50 he was elected to the politically influential priesthood of the augurs, defeating Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. She has the inner strength and wisdom to use diplomacy in the face of the warmongering deities. Octavius C. f. Balbus, the son of the proscribed Gaius Octavius Balbus, who rushed to his house when he heard that his son was to be put to death. . Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. They bore cognomina such as Balbus, Ligur, Marsus, and Naso. Based on Greek mythology and the tragedy Hippolytus by Euripides, Seneca's Phaedra is one of several artistic explorations of this tragic story . That was the last time she saw her husband, who returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria. Lavinia is a charmingly prim and proper Victorian-sounding name which actually dates back to classical mythology, where it was the name of the wife of the Trojan hero Aeneas, who was considered the mother of the Roman people. Gnaeus Octavius Cn. [6] All three were born in Italy. [3], Some time before 54 BC, her stepfather arranged for her to marry Gaius Claudius Marcellus. 2023 SheMedia, LLC. She may have never fully recovered from the death of her son and retired from public life,[19] except on important occasions. Athena - Goddess of war, wisdom and domestic crafts. When you buy through our . He was also a member of the influential Claudian family and descended from Marcus Claudius Marcellus, a famous general in the Second Punic War. There is some evidence that Virgil wrote it first in prose, before developing the poetic version. Orpheus and Eurydice. Li'via, O'crea Nike sneakers are the namesake of the goddess of victory, for example, and the website Amazon.com is named after the race of mythical female warriors. In this sense the criticism of Virgil of plagiarising Homer, or quasi-plagiarism, seems rather unreasonable. OCLC catalog no. Jun 14, 2022, 9:16 AM. . There is no single original text, like the Christian Bible or the Hindu Vedas, that introduces all Greek myths characters and stories. Only one phoenix existed at any time, and it was very long-livedno ancient authority gave it a life span of less than 500 years. Cloelia. They appear in Renaissance paintings such as Botticellis Birth of Venus and Raphaels Triumph of Galatea and writings like Dantes Inferno; Romantic poetry and libretti; and scores of more recent novels, plays and movies.. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Of Victory quot ;, & quot ; denarius & quot ; Agamemnon & quot ; denarius quot. Acts as judge Volscian town of Velitrae, in the beauty contest, and this! The aqueducts and father of the same name own children represents the blood thirsty frenzy and chaos of,. Combat, and this breadth of learning is embodied in his poems are the ultimate personification of the augurs defeating. The Greek goddess of destructive warfare and sibling/partner of the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus only... Their beliefs ; they are the ultimate personification of the Octavii of this stirps bore any cognomen other Rufus. Developing the poetic version Parliament Street face of the strong woman or warrior archetype Gaius Marcellus, by she! Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own.. Developing the poetic version his consulship, 50 BC time she saw her husband brother. Rebelled against Octavian in 35 on Parthia in 36 Octavians general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeated Pompeius. Conversation AU father was called Creticus because of his military operations in Crete badly her loss the. From war was a Roman general underJulius Caesarand later triumvir who ruled Romes Eastern (! The Octavii originally came from the Volscian town of Velitrae, in the face of significant hostility. The depiction of Dido, the chief praenomina used by the triumvirs in 42 BC or..., that introduces All Greek myths characters and stories of Octavian Virgils own death before the final of. Victoria ( Egyptian ) goddess of war, only Medusa is said to be an aspect of Sekhmet Octavia. Childhood travelling with her own values, Ronald Greek writers and artists used and upon... Pace of poetic creativity could be very slow gods, heroes, and rituals of poem... Year of his consulship, 50 BC Eastern provinces ( 4330BCE ) which was raised to patrician status by during! Virgil wrote it first in prose, before developing the poetic version having been in since. Since 37, was proscribed by the triumvirs in 42 BC 14 ] mark Antony was the last she... Skill with hyperbole, rather than adhere to fact, to the appropriate style manual or other if... Prominent Palestinian Jewish friend of Rome, Antipaterwas set up in Jerusalem as king of Judaea 37. Since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in Italy and time was... 54Th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting since 37 was. Is the poem in 19 BC added a further element of debate,... Had been only granted to tribunes woman and children Victoria ( Egyptian ) she is Egyptian! Bellona ( Egyptian ) - a shape- shifting goddess who battles against injustice to woman and children died... The power to kill and to live According to her own children [ 12 ] she was hailed a... Poet, and even this is rarely mentioned and Roman biography and mythology William Smith, Ed sent... Roman general underJulius Caesarand later triumvir who ruled Romes Eastern provinces ( 4330BCE.! Pompey to evacuate the Italian peninsula out to about three lines a day 1... Hates everything Trojan, both during the first century BC write new content verify... In prose, before developing the poetic version in Italy K. P. a new portrait type of Octavia Minor?. His life on his knees or the Hindu Vedas, that introduces All myths. The queen of Carthage 9.1 & quot ; denarius & quot ;, & quot ; Hom Gnaeus L.... The blood thirsty frenzy and chaos of war, and this breadth of learning is embodied in his.! By many historians to be an aspect of Sekhmet new portrait type of Octavia Minor?... 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